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| INTEL SANDY BRIDGE |
In, computer engineering micro architecture also called computer organization is the way a given instruction set architecture (ISA) is implemented on a processor. A given ISA may be implemented with different micro architectures. Implementations might vary due to different goals of a given design or due to shifts in technology. Computer architecture is the combination of micro architecture and instruction set design.And in the world from some of the leading microarchitecture companies is Intel which has been a inspiration or a part in making the computer so fast and featuring device in the today's world.It is the inventor of the x86 series of microprocessors, the processors found in most personal computers. For those who weren't around when Intel started, Intel was founded on July 18, 1968, as Integrated Electronics Corporation (though a common misconception is that "Intel" is from the word intelligence). Intel also makes motherboard chipsets, integrated circuits, memory and embedded processors computing. It was founded by semiconductor pioneers Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore and widely associated with the executive leadership and vision of Andrew Grove, Intel combines advanced chip design capability with a leading-edge manufacturing capability.
In the recent advancing technological world Intel uses the 2nd generation core processor family which is codenamed Sandy Bridge. At the heart of Sandy Bridge is an essentially new processor microarchitecture, the most sweeping architectural transition from Intel since the introduction of the star-crossed Pentium 4. Nearly everything has changed, from the branch predictors through the out-of-order execution engine and into the memory subsystem. The goal: to achieve higher performance and power efficiency, even on single-threaded tasks, where the integration of multiple CPU cores hasn't been much help. Additionally, each of those cores holds a revamped floating-point unit that supports a new instruction set called AVX. These instructions allow the processing of vectors up to 256 bits in width, and the hardware supports them quite fully. The result should be much higher sustained rates of throughput for floating-point math, giving new life to media processing applications and other sorts of data-parallel computation. It also has 32kB data and 32Kb L1 cache(3 clocks) and 256 Kb L2 cache(8clocks) per core and the shared L3 cache includes the processor graphics(LGA1155).It also features of decoded micro-op cache more enlarged and has a optimized branch predicitor. It also gives a better performance and better quality of gaming and graphics and also for transcendental mathematics, AES encryption and SHA-1 hashing. It also has a two load/store operations per cycle for each memory channel and a 256 bit/cycle ring bus interconnected between cores,graphics,cache and System Agent Domain.It also has got a hardware support for video encoding and decoding.It is now everywhere used as a processor of the PCs and these processors make the computers so fast and in performance,gaming and graphics
The recent developments of Sandybridge microarctitecture are the 2nd generation core processors like Core i3,i5 i7 and i7 exterme for desktop. It also has server processors like Xeon E5 and Xeon E3. It also serves mobile processors like Core i7 extreme,Core i7,Core i5,Core i3,Pentium and Celeron. In the second quarter of 2012 Intel will update its Xeon processor lineup with a series of new chips based on the high-performance Sandybridge-E architecture that will target dual-socket servers and workstations.
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